Penetration testing, also known as pen testing or ethical hacking, is the process of assessing a computer system, network, or web application to identify security vulnerabilities that could be exploited by an attacker. This testing can be automated using software applications or conducted manually. Penetration testing includes attempts to breach various application systems, like application protocol interfaces (APIs) and frontend/backend servers, to uncover vulnerabilities such as unsanitized inputs vulnerable to code injection attacks. The findings from penetration tests can be utilized to refine WAF (Web Application Firewall) security policies and address identified vulnerabilities.